CORNELIA

flourished 2nd century BC highly cultured mother of the late 2nd-century BC Roman reformers Tiberius and Gaius Sempronius Gracchus. She was the second daughter of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major, the hero of the Second Punic War (Rome against Carthage, 218201). Cornelia married Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and bore him 12 children. In addition to the two Gracchi brothers, the only child to reach maturity was Sempronia, who married Scipio Aemilianus. After the death of her husband in 154, Cornelia remained unmarried, refusing even the hand of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes of Egypt. She devoted herself entirely to the education of her surviving sons. Although hostile propaganda later suggested that Cornelia had encouraged her sons to initiate radical reforms, other stories suggest that she exercised a restraining influence over them. After Gaius' murder in 121 she retired to Misenum (now Miseno, Italy). Cicero applauded her letters for the beauty of their style; the two fragments preserved in the manuscripts of Cornelius Nepos (1st century BC) may not be genuine.