DHAR

town, western Madhya Pradesh state, central India. The town, a major agricultural centre, is connected by road with Indore. Cotton ginning and handicraft weaving are the chief industries. On the northern slopes of the Vindhya Range, Dhar commands one of the gaps leading to the Narmada River valley. An ancient town, it served (9th14th century) as the capital of the Paramara Rajputs and was a centre of learning under the celebrated Raja Bhoja (c. 101055). It was conquered by the Muslims in the 14th century, was under Mughal dominion, and fell to the Marathas in 1730, after which it served as the capital of Dhar princely state, founded in 1742 by Anand Rao Panwar, a Maratha chieftain. Dhar's Lat Masjid, or Pillar Mosque (1405), was built out of the remains of Jaina temples. Its name was derived from an overthrown iron pillar (13th century) bearing a later inscription recording the visit of the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1598. Dhar also houses the Kamal Maula mausoleum and a mosque known as Raja Bhoja's school, built in the 14th or 15th century; its name was derived from its paved slabs covered with inscriptions giving Sanskrit grammatical rules. Just north stands a 14th-century fort, said to have been built by Muhammad ibn Tughluq, which contains the raja's palace. The town has a library, a hospital, a musical academy, and a government college affiliated with Vikram University. The region around Dhar comprises portions of the Malwa Plateau and the Nimar tract, separated by the Vindhya Range. Sorghum, corn (maize), pulses, and cotton are the chief crops, irrigated by the Mahi, Narmada, and Chambal river systems. Pop. (1981) 48,870.