EDIB ADIVAR, HALIDE

born 1883, Istanbul died Jan. 9, 1964, Istanbul also called (190110) Halide Salih, original name Halide Edib novelist and pioneer in the emancipation of women in Turkey. Educated by private tutors and at the American College for Girls in Istanbul, she became actively engaged in Turkish literary, political, and social movements. She divorced her first husband in 1910 because she rejected his taking a second wife (she married again in 1917, to a Turkish politician, Adnau Adivar). An ardent patriot, she wrote Yeni Turan (1912; The New Turan), on the nationalistic Pan-Turkish movement. She also played a major role in the Trk Ocagi (Turkish Hearth) clubs started in 1912 that were designed to raise Turkish educational standards and encourage social and economic progress. This program included public lectures attended by men and women together, a great social innovation. During this period Halide Edib published her famous novel Handan (Family), about the problems of an educated woman. After educational work in the Ottoman province of Syria, during World War I, she and her husband joined the Turkish nationalists and played a vital role in the Turkish War of Liberation in Anatolia. Her most famous novel, Atesten gmlek (1922; The Daughter of Smyrna), is the story of a young woman who works for the liberation of her country and of the two men who love her. From 1925 to 1938 Halide Edib traveled extensively, lecturing in Paris, London, the United States, and India. On her return to Istanbul in 1939, she became professor of English literature at Istanbul University and later a member of Parliament (195054). Among her other important novels are Zeyno'nun Oglu (1926; Zeyno's Son) and Sinekli Bakkal (1936, originally written in English as The Clown and His Daughter, 1935). Other important works in English are The Turkish Ordeal (1928), Conflict of East and West in Turkey (1935, 1963), and Turkey Faces West (1930), in which she examines the ideological conflicts facing the young Turkish Republic. She also wrote two volumes of memoirs (1926).