EKREM, RECAIZADE MAHMUD

born March 1, 1847, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire [now Istanbul, Turkey] died Jan. 31, 1914, Constantinople writer who was one of the outstanding figures in 19th-century Turkish literature. The son of a poet and scholar, Ekrem was apprenticed to a number of government offices after his formal education. Later he became an official in the Council of State and a teacher of Turkish literature at the renowned Galatasaray Lyce and at the Mlkiye Mektebi (Imperial School of Political Science) in Constantinople. After the Young Turk Revolution in 1908, he held several government posts, finally becoming senator. Writing in the traditional Ottoman classical style early in his literary career, he came under the influence of the famous Turkish modernist Namik Kemal. Although never a great poet himself, Ekrem strove to redefine art and poetical form. Writing for Servet-i Fnum, an avant-garde literary and sometimes political periodical, Ekrem developed a great following among younger poets. Like many members of the contemporary French Parnassian movement, Ekrem adhered to the principle of art for art's sake. Among Ekrem's most important works are Talim-i Edebiyat (1882; The Teaching of Literature), a volume of literary criticism and theory; and Tefekkr (1888; Meditations), which contains poems and prose. He also wrote plays and made translations from the French. As a theorist he had considerable influence on literary taste and ideas and on the work of later Turkish poets.