ENGLEFIELD, SIR FRANCIS

born c. 1520 died 1596 English Roman Catholic who was a personal friend and influential adviser to Queen Mary I and a vigorous opponent in exile of Queen Elizabeth I. During the reign of Henry VIII, Englefield accepted the principle of royal supremacy over the English church but rejected the Protestant doctrines imposed under King Edward VI. He befriended Mary Tudor, the Roman Catholic heir to the throne, and, upon her accession, she appointed Englefield a privy councillor. His influence with the queen helped bring about the severe persecutions of Protestants that marked her reign. When Queen Elizabeth came to power in 1558, Englefield fled to the European continent, where he became a confidant of such notable Roman Catholic exiles as William Cardinal Allen and Robert Parsons. Eventually he advocated forcible intervention by Spain to restore Roman Catholicism in England. During the last 20 years of his life Englefield, suffering from blindness, lived in Valladolid, Spain, on a pension from the Spanish king Philip II.