EUCLID

city, Cuyahoga county, northeastern Ohio, U.S., on Lake Erie, just northeast of Cleveland. The original township area was settled in 1798 and was named for the famous Greek mathematician by the surveyors who arrived with Moses Cleaveland, an agent of the Connecticut Land Company. It remained largely rural, noted chiefly for grapes, until after 1940, when there was rapid industrial and urban growth. Manufactures now include airplane parts, castings, brass and copper goods, electrical and welding equipment, and road machinery. Inc. town, 1880; village, 1903; city, 1930. Pop. (1990) 54,875. flourished c. 300 BC, Alexandria, Egypt Greek Eukleides the most prominent mathematician of Greco-Roman antiquity, best known for his treatise on geometry, the Elements. Additional reading George Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science, 3 vol. in 5 (192748), vol. 1, pp. 153156, contains an extensive bibliography up to the 1920s. Thomas L. Heath, A History of Greek Mathematics (1921, reprinted 1993), vol. 1, pp. 354446, presents an authoritative survey of Euclid's works; it can be supplemented by Victor J. Katz, A History of Mathematics: An Introduction, 2nd ed. (1998), pp. 58101, whose bibliography refers to most recent treatments of Euclid's works. For information on Euclid and Platonism see Glenn R. Morrow (trans.), Proclus: A Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements (1970, reprinted 1992). A recent accessible contribution to the literature is Benno Artmann, Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics (1999). Marinus Taisbak Major Works: Euclid's extant works are collected in Euclidis Opera Omnia, ed. by J.L. Heiberg and H. Menge, 9 vol. (18831916), containing the Elementa, Libri IXIII, Elementorum, Data, Optica, and Phaenomena.The standard English translation of the Elements is T.L. Heath, The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements, 3 vol., (1908; 2nd ed., rev. with additions, 1926). A restoration of Euclid's On Divisions is Raymond Clare Archibald, Euclid's Book on Divisions of Figures (1915). Euclid's contributions to astronomy are accessible in a recent English translation and commentary by J. L. Berggren and R.S.D. Thomas, Euclid's Phaenomena (1996). Marinus Taisbak