EUREKA

city, port, and seat (1856) of Humboldt county, northern California, U.S., on Humboldt Bay. A major lumber and commercial-fishing centre and headquarters for the Six Rivers National Forest, it was laid out in 1850 and named for the Greek motto (meaning I have found it) on the state seal. Site of Fort Humboldt (now a state historic monument) and scene of several Indian uprisings (185365), it developed with the exploitation of nearby redwood forests. Tourism and dairying are economic factors. Eureka is the seat of the College of the Redwoods (1964), and Humboldt State University (1913) is at nearby Arcata. Inc. 1856. Pop. (1990) 27,025. byname of European Research Agency, European cooperative organization inaugurated in April 1985 by 18 European nations and formally established with a secretariat in Brussels in 1986. Its purpose is to promote European high-technology industries by linking the efforts of various companies and channeling moneys for their research. The original 18 member nations are the 12 European Community nations (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and Austria, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey. In 1986 Iceland was admitted. The aim of the organization, first suggested by France and West Germany, is to strengthen European efforts in areas of strategic researchsuch as advanced electronics, computers, lasers, transport systems, and environmental controlby encouraging companies in different countries to pool their efforts and develop marketable products. By the organization's charter, a project must include participants of more than one country, offer an identifiable expected benefit, seek a significant technological advance, and secure adequate financial commitment from the companies involved. The individual companies may (and usually do) receive compensatory research grants or subsidies from their national governments. The secretariat in Brussels acts as a clearinghouse for proposals for research projects. county, central Nevada, U.S. It is drained by the Humboldt River and Pine Creek. The Sulphur Springs, Fish Creek, and Cortez ranges cover the largely mountainous and arid area; the county is sparsely populated. Gold and silver mining is the chief economic activity, although there is some agriculture. The county was created in 1873, and its seat is Eureka. Area 4,176 square miles (10,816 square km). Pop. (1990) 1,547.