FAYETTEVILLE

city, seat of Washington county, northwestern Arkansas, U.S., in the Ozarks on the White River, adjacent to Springdale (north). No settlement existed there when the site, on the Overland Mail Route, was chosen as the county seat in 1828. The community, first named Washington Court House, was renamed for Fayetteville, Tennessee, in 1829. It was incorporated in 1836 and received a city charter in 1859 (abolished by the legislature in 1867); reincorporated as a town in 1870, it again became a city in 1906. Fayetteville suffered severely during the American Civil War. The battles of Pea Ridge (March 78, 1862) and Prairie Grove (December 7, 1862) were fought nearby. After the Battle of Fayetteville (April 18, 1863) the town was occupied by the Union army until the end of the war. The city now is in an agricultural and resort area, with farm-based industries, food processing, aluminum products, tools, and clothing important to the economy. Fayetteville acquired a reputation as a centre of education through its early schools, especially Sophia Sawyer's Fayetteville Female Seminary (1839) and Arkansas College (1852; destroyed during the Civil War), the state's first degree-granting college. The University of Arkansas was founded there in 1871 as Arkansas Industrial University. The Arkansas Air Museum is located at Drake Field, and approximately 15 miles (24 km) to the south is the western portion of Ozark National Forest. Pop. (1990) city, 42,247; FayettevilleSpringdaleRogers MSA, 210,908; (1998 est.) city, 53,300; (1996 est.) FayettevilleSpringdaleRogers MSA, 260,940. city, seat of Cumberland county, southwestern North Carolina, U.S., on the Cape Fear River at the head of navigation. The two original settlements of Cambelltown (1739) and Cross Creek (1746) united in 1783 and were incorporated and renamed for the Marquis de Lafayette. It was the state capital (178993) and the scene (Nov. 21, 1789) of a second state convention to ratify the U.S. Constitution (after its previous rejection at Hillsboro). A fire in 1831 destroyed more than 600 buildings. General William Sherman's troops occupied the town in March 1865. Textiles and wood products are the economic mainstays. Fort Bragg and Pope Air Force Base, nearby, are also important to the economy. Fayetteville State University was founded in 1867, Methodist College in 1956, Fayetteville Technical Community College in 1961. Pop. (1990) city, 75,850; Fayetteville MSA, 274,713; (1994 est.) city, 83,999; (1995 est.) Fayetteville MSA, 285,869.