FLORENCE OF WORCESTER

died 1118 English monk, usually accepted as the author of Chronicon ex chronicis, which is valuable for late Anglo-Saxon and early post-Conquest history. Its basis is the universal history (from the creation to 1082) compiled by Marianus Scotus, an Irish recluse at Mainz. The author of the Chronicon, like Marianus, was a careful annalist with a marked interest in chronology. He supplements Marianus' scanty treatment of English affairs by drawing on Bede, Asser, lives of English saints, laws, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, and also on local records and traditions. Under the year 1118 the Chronicon records the death of Florence (July 7), but it is continued without break to 1131 by a John of Worcester, who, later, added material up to 1140. On the interpretation of the notice under 1118 depends Florence's claim to authorship, but what Orderic Vitalis has to say of John's historical work at Worcester suggests that John's part in the whole Chronicon is more substantial than has been traditionally allowed. After 1131, the Chronicon was copied at other monasteries, in several cases continued and frequently used by chroniclers. The standard edition is Florentii Wigorniensis monachi Chronicon ex chronicis, edited by Benjamin Thorpe, English Historical Society, 2 vol. (184849), which excludes Marianus' text where possible, follows the editio princeps of 1592 by William Howard in printing the continuation to 1141, and adds a second continuation to 1295. There is a translation of English material to 1295 by R. Forester in Bohn's Antiquarian Library (1854).