FUCHS, SIR VIVIAN ERNEST

born Feb. 11, 1908, Isle of Wight, Eng. died Nov. 11, 1999, Cambridge English geologist and explorer who led the historic British Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition in 195758. In 1929 and 193031 Fuchs participated in expeditions to East Greenland and the East African lakes, respectively, serving as a geologist. Between 1933 and 1934 he led the Lake RudolfRift Valley Expedition that surveyed 40,000 square miles (104,500 square km) of the EthiopiaKenya region. Fuchs's thesis on the tectonics (i.e., crustal structure) of the Rift Valley earned him a Ph.D. in geology from the University of Cambridge in 1935. Selected to head the Falkland Islands Dependencies Surveys in 1947, Fuchs became interested in Antarctica. In 1958 his 12-man party completed the first land journey across Antarctica, enduring severe hardships to travel 2,500 miles (4,000 km) from the Filchner Ice Shelf to McMurdo Sound in 99 days. The findings of the expedition confirmed earlier theories that a single continental landmass exists beneath the Antarctic polar ice sheet. With Sir Edmund Hillary, the New Zealand explorer, he coauthored the book The Crossing of Antarctica (1958). Fuchs later ran the British Antarctic Survey (195873), and in 1990 his autobiography, A Time to Speak, was published. He was knighted in 1958.