GASTRITIS

acute or chronic inflammation of the mucosal layers of the stomach. Acute gastritis may be caused by dietary indiscretions, excessive intake of alcohol, the ingestion of irritating drugs, food poisoning, and infectious diseases. The chief symptoms are severe upper-abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, thirst, and diarrhea; the illness develops suddenly and subsides rapidly. The only treatment necessary is temporary avoidance of food, followed by a nonirritating diet, sedatives, and antispasmodics; rarely, fluids by intravenous injection may be required. The ingestion of corrosives (acids, alkalies) causes a severe chemical gastritis, necessitating immediate emptying and thorough washing of the stomach and then general supportive care. The cause of chronic gastritis and the conditions contributing to its development are not established; specific irritants as well as nutritional deficiencies and emotional disturbances have been implicated. The symptoms are indefinite and often resemble the manifestations of functional digestive disorders. The symptoms may include discomfort, fullness or pain in the upper abdomen, poor appetite, flatulence, belching, and variable bowel habits. There is no specific treatment for chronic gastritis; nor, indeed, is therapy usually necessary. Reassurance as to the absence of serious illness, a bland diet, and tranquilizers to relieve nervous tension are helpful. Vitamins and other nutritional supplements are indicated when the food intake has been poor.