GEORGE, LAKE

freshwater lake, southeastern New South Wales, Australia, located about 25 mi (40 km) northeast of Canberra, just east of the Lake George Range, a low ridge in the Great Dividing Range. Occupying a structural trough formed by faulting during the middle Miocene Epoch (about 16,000,000 years ago) or a little earlier, the lake drains a 380-sq-mi (984-sq-km) basin between the headstreams of the Yass and Shoalhaven rivers, although it has no external drainage itself. The lake, substantially larger during late Pleistocene times (about 10,000 years ago), maintains a particularly delicate balance among rainfall, evaporation, and streamflow, displaying wide fluctuations in surface elevation (about 2,208 ft ) and surface area (mean area about 31 sq mi). When full, the lake has a length of about 16 mi, a width of about 6 mi, and a depth of 20 to 26 ft. However, in some years (e.g., 183839, 184650, 193034, 193647, and 1982), the lake is dry and its alluvial floor becomes rich pastureland. The Aboriginal name of the lake is Werriwa. The lake was first visited by a European, Joseph Wild, in 1820 and named for George IV. lake, northeastern New York state, U.S. It is 32 miles (51 km) long, 13 miles (1.65 km) wide, and extends northward from Lake George village to Ticonderoga, where it is connected to Lake Champlain through a narrow channel that descends 220 feet (67 metres) in a series of cataracts and waterfalls. Located in the foothills of the Adirondack Mountains at an elevation of 320 feet (98 metres) above sea level and surrounded by low mountainsincluding Mounts Fivemile, at 2,258 feet (688 metres), and Black, at 2,665 feet (812 metres)the lake is of glacial origin, has a maximum depth of about 200 feet (60 metres), and is fed by mountain streams and submerged springs. Dotted with islands, it is a popular resort area noted for its scenic beauty. Lake George was known to the Mohawk Indians as Andiatarocte (Place Where the Lake Contracts). The first Europeans to see the lake were probably Father (later St.) Isaac Jogues, a French Jesuit missionary, and his companions, Ren Goupil and Guillaume Couture, who were brought to the area by their Mohawk captors in 1642. Father Jogues returned to the lake in 1646 and christened it Lac du Saint-Sacrement. In 1755 General Sir William Johnson renamed it for King George II. James Fenimore Cooper refers to it in his novels as Lake Horicon. Strategically located at the head of the valley extending northward to the St. Lawrence River, the lake was the scene of numerous battles during the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. The Battle of Lake George (commemorated by a monument and state park) took place just south of the lake on September 8, 1755, when Johnson defeated a force of French Canadians and Indians led by Baron Ludwig August Dieskau. Following the battle, Johnson built Fort William Henry (now restored), which was replaced (1759) by Fort George (ruins remain). During the American Revolution, the Green Mountain Boys under Ethan Allen captured Fort Ticonderoga at the falls on the lake's outlet.