GHASSANIY, MUYAKA BIN HAJI AL-

born 1776 died 1840 Kenyan poet who was the first Swahili-language secular poet known by name. Ghassaniy is known particularly as an outstanding composer of quatrains (the most popular Swahili verse form for both philosophical and topical themes). Although he experimented little with prosody, his work ranged widely in type from didactic verse to love poems and from poems on domestic life (his shrewish second wife was a source of poetic inspiration) to political satire. His concern with the early 19th-century political situation is shown in poems that encourage the Mazrui rulers of the fort at Mombasa to oppose the overlordship of the sultan of Muscat, then rulers of the settlements along the Indian Ocean coast. The preface to his collected poems, Diwani ya Muyaka (Collected Poems of Muyaka), edited in 1940 by W. Hitchens, gives insight into his dual role as a commentator on his times and a voice of contemporary opinion.