GHEE HIN

Chinese secret society that flourished in Malaya in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During the 1800s many Chinese migrated to Malaya, bringing their secret societies with them. The Ghee Hin had strong branch organizations in Penang. Its membership consisted primarily of Cantonese speakers from southern China. The Ghee Hin was a semilegal society internally controlled by oath taking, ceremonies based on Chinese cosmology and philosophy, and strong sanctions for breaking the society's rules. Hatred among different linguistic groups in China continued in Malaya, especially between the Ghee Hin (Cantonese) and Hai San (Hakka) societies in Larut, and profoundly influenced events on the peninsula. In Perak, warfare between the two societies over possession of tin mines was mitigated by a British- mediated agreement called the Chinese Engagement in 1874. A similar situation occurred in Selangor. The Ghee Hin gradually declined in power as British authority spread throughout the peninsula after 1874.