GIONO, JEAN

born March 30, 1895, Manosque, Fr. died Oct. 8, 1970, Manosque French novelist, a celebrant of nature whose works are set in Provence and whose rich and diverse imagery has been widely admired. A love of nature came to Giono from his mountain town and from the shepherd family with whom, as a boy, he spent his summers. He was largely self-taught. As an infantryman in World War I, he was one of his company's 11 survivors at Verdun. He later described the horrors of war in Le grand troupeau (1931; To the Slaughterhouse). In 1922 he published poems in a Marseille review. His popularity grew in the late 1920s with a series of regionalist, anti-intellectual novels about the nobility of simple people. This series culminated in such works as the trilogy Le Chant du monde (1934; Song of the World), which, like most of his work, was the protest of a sensitive man against modern civilization. In 1939 Giono spent two months in jail for pacifist activities. In 1945 he was held captive by a communist band of Resistance fighters who construed pacifism as collaboration with the Nazis. French Liberationist writers blacklisted him, but a vigorous defense by author Andr Gide helped lift the stigma, and in 1954 Giono was elected to the Acadmie Goncourt. After the war he developed a new style: concise, lean, concentrating on storytelling, and yielding a slightly more optimistic note. Among his best works of these years are Le Hussard sur le toit (1952; The Horseman on the Roof) and Le Bonheur fou (1957; The Straw Man). The later novels Deux cavaliers de l'orage (1965; Two Riders of the Storm) and Ennemonde et autres caractres (1968) are lyrical portrayals of the people and countryside of Giono's beloved Provence.