GREENWOOD

city, seat (1871) of Leflore county, northwestern Mississippi, U.S. It lies along the Yazoo River, 96 miles (154 km) north of Jackson. The original settlement (1834), known as Williams Landing, was incorporated (1844) and named for the Choctaw chieftain Greenwood Leflore, a wealthy cotton planter and slaveholder. The town thrived as a shipping point for cotton on its way down the Yazoo and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans, but its trade was paralyzed during the American Civil War. Greenwood was used as a Confederate defensive post during the siege of Vicksburg, and Fort Pemberton, built between the Tallahatchie and Yazoo rivers, withstood a Union gunboat attack. The city's extensive cotton market is now supplemented by diversified farming (especially livestock) and light manufacturing. Mississippi Valley State University (1950) is in nearby Itta Bena. Ancient Indian mounds abound in the area, and Cottonlandia (1.5 miles west) is a museum displaying relics of the cotton industry and Indian artifacts. Pop. (1992 est.) 19,205. city, seat (1897) of Greenwood county, western South Carolina, U.S. The city lies at the northern entrance to the Long Cane Ranger District of Sumter National Forest. It was first settled in 1824 by John McGehee, and its growth was stimulated by the arrival (1852) of the Greenville and Columbia Railroad. Four other railroads converged to make it a transportation centre. Textile mills were built and cotton shipped. Lander University (founded 1872 in Williamston) moved there in 1904, and Piedmont Technical College opened in 1966. A few miles east are the Ninety Six National Historic Site (site of Star Fort, a British stronghold during the American Revolution) and Lake Greenwood State Park; the lake is impounded on the Saluda River by Buzzard Roost Dam. The economy is based on textile manufacturing, supplemented by light industries. Inc. town, 1857; city, 1927. Pop. (1990) 20,807; (1998 est.) 19,536. county, western South Carolina, U.S. It consists of a hilly piedmont region bordered to the northeast by Lake Greenwood, which is impounded on the Saluda River by Buzzard Roost Dam. Lake Greenwood State Park and a portion of Sumter National Forest are within the county's borders. The Ninety Six National Historic Site commemorates an 18th-century trading centre at a junction of Indian paths and colonial roads. During the U.S. War of Independence the area was a Tory stronghold. The war's first battle in South Carolina was fought in 1775 at the Ninety Six fort; six years later a 28-day patriot assault finally drove out the British. The area was a cotton-growing region until soil erosion, boll weevil infestations, and economic changes led to its becoming largely forested after the mid-20th century. Greenwood county was established in 1897; the city of Greenwood is the county seat. Agriculture (cattle and eggs), lumbering, and industry (clothing and other textile products and electronic and technical equipment) form the basis of the economy. Area 456 square miles (1,180 square km). Pop. (1990) 59,567; (1998 est.) 63,623.