GRIN, ALEKSANDR STEPANOVICH

born Aug. 11 [Aug. 23, New Style], 1880, Slobodskoy, Russia died July 8, 1932, Stary Krym, Crimea, Russia, U.S.S.R. [now in Ukraine] pseudonym of Aleksandr Stepanovich Grinevsky Soviet prose writer notable for his romantic short stories of adventure and mystery. The son of an exiled Pole, Grin spent a childhood of misery and poverty in a northern provincial town. Leaving home at 15, he traveled to Odessa, where he fell in love with the sea, an important element in many of his stories. He worked at a variety of jobs and then roamed across European Russia and the Urals. In the early 1900s he joined the Socialist Revolutionary Party and was shortly afterward arrested and exiled to Siberia. After his return he devoted himself to writing. Grin's stories drew on his travels and adventures and reflect his extensive reading of Western writers. His tales are among the most exotic of all Russian literature, fantastic and whimsical works full of mystery and adventure and with no relation to everyday life. Soviet critics named their imaginary romantic and ideal setting Grin-Land. His writing was so unusual and unclassifiable that the Soviet censors generally ignored him; during the late 1920s, however, some critics began to question his social significance. In 1950 his work was condemned as antisocial, bourgeois, and decadent. During the relaxation that followed Stalin's death, however, he was quietly reconsidered, and his works began to be published again. Grin is now fully recognized as a master in the genre of the allegorical and symbolic tale and novel, and as the creator of a fantasy world expressive of a profound humanism and moral responsibility. Among his best known works are the novels Blistayushchiy mir (1923; The Glittering World) and Doroga nikuda (1930; The Road to Nowhere); and the tales Korabli v Lisse (1918; The Ships in Liss) and Serdtse pustyni (1923; Heart of the Desert). His story Alyye parusa (1923; Scarlet Sails, 1967) was the basis for a Soviet ballet and film. In 193031 Grin began working on his memoirs, which were left unfinished at his death.