GUWAHATI

formerly Gauhati, town, western Assam state, northeastern India. It lies along the Brahmaputra River and is picturesquely situated with an amphitheatre of wooded hills to the south. Guwahati was the capital of the Hindu kingdom of Kamarupa (under the name of Pragjyotisa) around AD 400. In the 17th century the town repeatedly changed hands between the Muslims and Ahoms (a Tai-speaking people who had migrated from Yunnan, China, in the 13th century AD) until it became the seat of the Ahom governor of Lower Assam in 1681; in 1786 the Ahom raja made it his capital. The Burmese held Guwahati from 1816 until 1826, when it became the British capital of Assam. The capital was moved 67 miles (108 km) south to Shillong in 1874. Guwahati is an important river port and Assam's principal commercial centre. It has an oil refinery and a state farm, and its industries include tea processing, milling of agricultural products, and soap manufacturing. Guwahati University (founded 1948), Earle Law College, the state high court, the state museum, several scientific museums, and a zoological garden are located there. Several Hindu pilgrimage centres and temple ruins are nearby. Guwahati is served by an airport and a rail line. Pop. (1971) town, 146,026; metropolitan area, 200,377.