HADERA

city, western Israel. It lies on the Plain of Sharon midway between Tel AvivYafo and Haifa, near the Mediterranean Sea. The first Jewish settlement on the northern coastal plain, Hadera (from Arabic khadhir, green) was founded in 1890 by Jewish immigrants from tsarist-ruled Poland and Lithuania. The seasonal watercourse Nahal Hadera (then called by its Arabic name of Nahr Mufjir), which flowed through the town, flooded the low-lying area annually during the winter rains and created malarial swamps. Many of the early settlers died from the disease. With the aid of the French-Jewish philanthropist Baron Edmond de Rothschild, eucalyptus trees were planted to help drain the swamps. After 1894 citrus groves flourished; their acreage was increased, and Hadera is now the centre of one of the chief citrus-producing regions of Israel. The city developed as a rail hub with the construction of the eastern Sharon line (Lod-Hadera-Haifa), built by the British army during World War I; this line has now yielded precedence to the coastal Tel Aviv-YafoHaderaHaifa line, built in the 1950s. The stations are, respectively, to the west and east of the business district. Hadera received municipal council status in 1936 and was proclaimed a city in 1952. Its principal industries are a large paper mill, supplying most of Israel's needs, and a tire factory. There are also metalworking, citrus-processing, and vegetable-canning plants. Pop. (1992 est.) 48,400.