HARPER, ROBERT ALMER

born Jan. 21, 1862, Le Claire, Iowa, U.S. died May 12, 1946, Bedford, Va. American biologist who identified the details of reproduction in the development of the fungus ascospore (sexually produced spores of fungi in the class Ascomycetes). After graduating from Oberlin (Ohio) College (M.A., 1891), Harper did graduate study at the University of Bonn while on leave of absence from Lake Forest (Ill.) College, where he was professor of botany and geology (189198). In 1896 he received his Ph.D., after which he taught at the University of Wisconsin, Madison (18981911), and at Columbia University (191130). Working on spore formation of the powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca, at Bonn, he determined that the cytoplasmic division that resulted in eight equal uniform spores was the result of dividing strands emanating from the nucleus of the cell. Harper also did research on plant pathology and on the production of structural traits in fungi.