HAUTEFEUILLE, JEAN DE

born March 20, 1647, Orlans, France died Oct. 18, 1724, Orlans French physicist who built a primitive internal-combustion engine. Born of poor parents, Hautefeuille was reared by the Duchess of Bouillon and eventually took holy orders and became an abb. He spent all his time in mechanical pursuits. He published works on acoustics, optics, tidal phenomena, and watch mechanisms. He also invented the micrometer microscope to measure the size of minute objects. Hautefeuille's internal-combustion engine was intended to operate a pump. The piston was first actuated by the explosion of a small charge of gunpowder and then returned to its initial position when the hot gases of combustion cooled, leaving a partial vacuum.