HELLBENDER

(Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), salamander belonging to the family Cryptobranchidae (order Caudata) found in the larger, swift-flowing streams of the Ohio River system and other streams in the eastern and central United States. The animal grows to about 63 cm (25 inches) long and is stout-bodied and flat-headed, with a broad tail fin and wrinkled sides. The hellbender is typically coloured brownish gray with black spots. Adults have lungs, but a gill slit persists from the larval stage on each side behind the animal's head. The conspicuous wrinkled fleshy folds on the hellbender's body and legs are important in increasing surface area for respiration through the skin, which is the dominant mode of oxygen intake. During the day hellbenders lie under stones, but they emerge at night to feed on crayfish, small fishes, and worms. Mating takes place in late summer, and fertilization is external. The female hellbender lays a string of 300 to 400 eggs on the stream bottom in a nest that is scooped out by the male, who then guards them for the 10-12 weeks before they hatch. The Ozark hellbender (C. bishopi) is somewhat smaller, and its spots tend to be large blotches. It is found in the Black River system of Arkansas and Missouri.