HERKIMER, NICHOLAS

born , 1728, near Herkimer, N.Y. died Aug. 16, 1777, Little Falls, N.Y., U.S. American general during the War of Independence who led American militiamen in the Battle of Oriskany (Aug. 6, 1777). Herkimer grew up in New York's Mohawk Valley, which during the Revolution was sharply divided between patriots and Loyalists and was subject to ferocious Indian attacks. He became a lieutenant in the militia during the French and Indian War and rose to brigadier general at the outbreak of the War of Independence. In 1777 Herkimer commanded a force of about 800 militiamen in an effort to relieve Fort Stanwix, threatened by a combined force of Loyalists and Indians. On August 6, near the present site of Oriskany, New York, Herkimer's force was ambushed, and the ensuing battle proved to be one of the bloodiest of the entire war. During the fight, Herkimer sustained a severe leg wound. He is said to have then directed his troops while sitting under a tree and smoking his pipe. The American militia retreated and carried Herkimer back to his home. There he died 10 days after the battle, following an ineptly performed amputation.