HICKS BEACH, SIR MICHAEL EDWARD, 9TH BARONET, 1ST ...

born Oct. 23, 1837, London, Eng. died April 30, 1916, London British Conservative statesman who was chancellor of the Exchequer (1885-86, 1895-1902). The son of Sir Michael Hicks Beach, 8th Baronet, he was educated at Eton and at Christ Church College, Oxford. Succeeding as 9th baronet in 1854, Hicks Beach became a Conservative MP in 1864, remaining in the House of Commons until 1906. He held minor office under Benjamin Disraeli in 1868 and was appointed chief secretary for Ireland in 1874, joined the cabinet two years later, and was colonial secretary from 1878 to 1880. Hicks Beach became chairman of the Conservative Party in 1884. He was chancellor of the Exchequer and leader of the Commons in Lord Salisbury's caretaker government of 1885, but he surrendered both positions to Randolph Churchill when Salisbury's second ministry was formed in July 1886, becoming instead chief secretary for Ireland. Resigning in 1887, largely for reasons of health, he returned to the cabinet to serve as president of the Board of Trade (1888-92). From 1895 until 1902, when he retired with Salisbury, he proved an efficient and authoritative chancellor of the Exchequer, and one who insisted upon increased taxation to help finance the South African War (1899-1902). Though an orthodox free trader, he revived certain duties for revenue purposes. The controversy over his corn (wheat) tax in 1902 was the occasion in the following year for the start of Joseph Chamberlain's tariff-reform campaign, against which Hicks Beach fought bitterly. Created Viscount St. Aldwyn in 1906, he played little further part in politics. His earldom was conferred in 1915.