HUMERUS

long bone of the upper limb or forelimb of land vertebrates, which forms the shoulder joint above, where it articulates with a lateral depression of the shoulder blade (glenoid cavity of scapula) and the elbow joint below, where it articulates with projections of the ulna and radius. In humans the articular surface of the head of the humerus is hemispherical; two rounded projections below and to one side receive, from the scapula, muscles that rotate the arm. The shaft is triangular in cross section and roughened where muscles attach. The lower end of the humerus includes two smooth articular surfaces (capitulum and trochlea), two depressions (fossae) that form part of the elbow joint, and two projections (epicondyles). The capitulum, laterally, articulates with the radius; the trochlea, a spool-shaped surface, articulates with the ulna. The two depressionsthe olecranon fossa, behind and above the trochlea, and the coronoid fossa, in front and abovereceive projections of the ulna as the elbow is alternately straightened and flexed. The epicondyles, one on either side of the bone, provide attachment for muscles concerned with movements of the forearm and fingers. Copyright 1995. Novartis. Electronic use with permission from the Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy, illustrated by Frank H. Netter, M.D. All rights reserved. Humfrey, Pelham born 1647 died July 14, 1674, Windsor, Berkshire, Eng. English composer and lutenist, especially admired for his anthems and sacred solo songs. Humfrey was a chorister in the Chapel Royal under Capt. Henry Cooke and at age 17 was sent by Charles II to France and Italy to study. While abroad he was appointed royal lutenist and gentleman of the Chapel. He returned to England in 1667 and later succeeded Cooke as master of the children, one of his pupils being Henry Purcell. He also was composer for the king's violins. He produced many fine works, particularly anthems. In his solo songs with continuo, he shows great care in reflecting the feeling and accentuation of the texts in the music and was one of the English masters of the monodic style. He also wrote incidental music for plays by William Wycherly and John Dryden and for Shakespeare's The Tempest. Many of his songs appear in the collections published by John Playford.