HUNG JEN-KAN

born Feb. 18/20, 1822, Hua-hsien, Kwangtung province, China died Nov. 23, 1864, Nan-ch'ang, Kiangsi province Pinyin Hong Rengan, Wade-Giles romanization Hung-jin leader of the Taiping Rebellion, the great uprising that occupied South China between 1850 and 1864; he tried to reorganize the Taiping movement by introducing Western ideas of government and religion. Hung Jen-kan was a cousin and neighbour of Hung Hsiu-ch'an, the supreme Taiping leader, who began the rebellion after a series of visions in which he saw himself as the younger son of God sent to save China. When the rebellion broke out, Jen-kan fled to the British settlement of Hong Kong, where he was baptized and educated by a Protestant missionary. In 1859 he finally made his way to the Taiping camp with the intention of teaching the Taipings the correct version of Protestant Christianity and helping them improve their relations with the Western countries. Soon after his arrival at the Taiping camp, Jen-kan was elevated to prime minister of the Taiping state. In that position he tried to introduce his program, which included railroad construction, telegraph facilities, modern banks and hospitals, and reform of the administration along Western democratic lines. His suggestions aroused the jealousy of many of the older Taiping leaders, however, and they refused to cooperate. Moreover, the Western countries, having forced the Chinese government to grant their trade concession to them in the Arrow War (185660), threw their support to the dynasty in the suppression of the rebels. Jen-kan's policies therefore failed, and he was demoted. After the fall of the Taiping capital in 1864, he was captured and executed by government troops.