ISHBOSHETH

flourished 11th century BC also spelled Isboseth, also called Ishbaal, or Eshbaal in the Old Testament (II Samuel 2:84:12), fourth son of King Saul and the last representative of his family to be king over Israel (the northern kingdom, as opposed to the southern kingdom of Judah). His name was originally Ishbaal (Eshbaal; I Chronicles 8:33; 9:39), meaning man of Baal. Baal, which could mean master, was a title of dignity. Because the name came to be increasingly associated with Canaanite fertility gods, Hebrew editors later substituted bosheth, meaning shame, for baal. Ishbosheth was proclaimed king of Israel by Abner, Saul's cousin and commander in chief, who then became the real power behind the throne. The House of Judah, however, followed David, and war broke out between the two kingdoms. When Abner took Rizpah, one of Saul's concubines, Ishbosheth objected, because Abner's action was a symbolic usurpation of power. Abner then defected to David, leaving the northern tribes without effective leadership, and Ishbosheth was soon murdered by two of his captains. David had the murderers put to death. Ishbosheth's stand against Abner, weak as it was, led to Abner's defection to David and then to Abner's death at the hand of one of his enemies, events that caused strife in David's divided kingdom for some time to come. Although the Bible states that Ishbosheth was 40 years old when he became king and that his reign lasted two years, scholars have found that these figures are incorrect. More likely he was quite young and his reign equaled that of David at Hebron, about 7 1/2 years.