JACQUARD LOOM

Jacquard loom, engraving, 1874 At the top of the machine is a stack of also called Jacquard Attachment, or Jacquard Mechanism, in weaving, device incorporated in special looms to control individual warp yarns. It enabled looms to produce fabrics having intricate woven patterns such as tapestry, brocade, and damask, and it has also been adapted to the production of patterned knitted fabrics. The Jacquard system was developed in 180405 by Joseph-Marie Jacquard (q.v.) of France, but it soon spread elsewhere. His system improved on the punched-card technology of Jacques de Vaucanson's loom (1745). Jacquard's loom utilized interchangeable punched cards that controlled the weaving of the cloth so that any desired pattern could be obtained automatically. These punched cards were adopted by the noted English inventor Charles Babbage as an input-output medium for his proposed analytical engine and were used by the American statistician Herman Hollerith to feed data to his census machine. They were also used as a means of inputting data into digital computers but were eventually replaced by electronic devices.