JAKPA, SUMALIA NDEWURA

flourished 17th century African king who founded a dynasty in Gonja, in what is now northern Ghana, in the early 17th century. Originally a Mande invader, Jakpa established a loosely knit federation of states that extended over the entire northern part of present-day Ghana and parts of Togo and Benin. Jakpa's invasion of Ghana was probably the result of a dispute within an Islamic force (of which he himself was part) then attempting to convert nations in what are now Mali and Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta). His kingdom was of great influence in West Africa because of its strategic location on the eastwest trade routes between Central Africa and the Islamic African nations in the southern Sahara. The kingdom was reduced in size and influence in the 18th century. The name Jakpa is itself a title, and there is some doubt whether the events attributed to this ruler are those of Sumalia Ndewura (the first Jakpa) alone or are the combined record of a series of rulers assuming this title. See also Guang.