JANOWITZ, MORRIS

born Oct. 22, 1919, Paterson, N.J., U.S. died Nov. 7, 1988, Chicago innovative American sociologist and political scientist who made major contributions to sociological theory and wrote accurate historical studies of the social sciences. His work as a political scientist concentrated mainly on civil-military affairs, based on data gathered since World War II. After earning his B.A. at New York University (1941) and his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago (1948), he was research assistant for War Community Research, Library of Congress (1941), and senior propaganda analyst, Organization and Propaganda Section, the U.S. Department of Justice (194143), before teaching at the University of Chicago. He started as an instructor in sociology (194748), rising through academic ranks there and at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, until he became chairman of the department of sociology at the University of Chicago (196172). He collaborated with Bruno Bettelheim on Dynamics of Prejudice (1950), a psychological and sociological study of veterans. Sociology and the Military Establishment (1959; revised 1965), The Professional Soldier (1960), and Social Change and Prejudice (with Bettelheim, 1964) follow the basic study, developing new theory through social change. Janowitz served as Pitt professor and distinguished professor at the University of Cambridge (197273) and as Kimpton distinguished-service professor in the department of sociology at the University of Chicago. He also wrote The Last Half Century; Societal Change and Politics in America (1978), a major synthesis of ideas on social control.