JINNAH, MOHAMMED ALI

born Dec. 25, 1876, Karachi, India [now in Pakistan] died Sept. 11, 1948, Karachi also called Qa'id-e A'zam (Arabic: The Great Leader) Indian Muslim politician, founder and first governor-general (194748) of Pakistan. Additional reading Stanley Wolpert, Jinnah of Pakistan (1984), is a well-documented major biography. Hector Bolitho, Jinnah, Creator of Pakistan (1954, reprinted 1981), includes a survey of the political background. Other works include Sheila McDonough (ed.), Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Maker of Modern Pakistan (1970); C.M. Naim (ed.), Iqbal, Jinnah, and Pakistan: The Vision and the Reality (1979), studying the political and social views of these leaders; Allen Hayes Merriam, Gandhi vs Jinnah: The Debate Over the Partition of India (1980), a well-documented comparative examination of the two men's ideologies; and Ayesha Jalal, The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League, and the Demand for Pakistan (1985), an analysis of the political and historical role of Jinnah.