JORDAENS, JACOB

born May 19, 1593, Antwerp, Spanish Netherlands [now in Belgium] died Oct. 18, 1678, Antwerp Baroque artist whose boisterous scenes of peasant life and sensuous allegories made him one of the most important painters of 17th-century Flanders. Jordaens studied, like Peter Paul Rubens, under the painter Adam van Noort, and he married his master's daughter in 1616, the year after his admission to the guild of painters. Early in his career Jordaens executed designs for tapestries, and such paintings as Allegory of Fertility (c. 1625; Muses Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels) reveal his training as a decorator. He never went to Italy as did other Flemish artists of his time, and his work is essentially Flemish in its exaggerated treatment of form and its crude humour. Jordaens was greatly influenced by his older contemporary Rubens. The colours of Jordaens' paintings are warm and glowing, his figures are robust and incline to corpulence, and their faces are red and healthy. Jordaens' paintings are particularly noted for their strong contrasts of light and shade, their compositions crowded with figures, and an air of sensual vitality that occasionally borders on coarseness. He was a prolific painter and employed many pupils in his studio to reproduce versions of his most popular pictures, such as The King Drinks and The Satyr and Peasant. Jordaens declared himself converted to Calvinism in 1648 but received many commissions for Roman Catholic churches, and after the death of Rubens he was considered the greatest painter in Antwerp. In 1652 he played a major role in the decoration of the Huis ten Bosch (House in the Woods), a royal country house near The Hague, with mural paintings representing the Triumph of Frederick Henry of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland and The Victory of Time. These works are masterpieces of architectural decoration, in which the complex allegory is rendered in exuberant colours and vivacious, swirling lines. Jordaens' later works are of uneven quality, showing the increasingly important role assumed by his studio assistants.