KARLI

village, Maharashtra state, west-central India, situated about 32 miles (51 km) northwest of Pune and noted for its rock-cut chaitya, or Buddhist sanctuary. The chaitya is of the normal apsidal plan, 124 feet (38 m) long, 46.5 feet (14 m) wide, and about 45 feet (13.5 m) to the crown of its teak-ribbed vault. Dedicated in the first quarter of the 2nd century Ad, it is the largest and most elaborate of the cave temples of Hinayana (early, doctrine-emphasizing) Buddhism. Karli differs from earlier chaityas in that its entrance screenother than the teakwood lotus windowis of stone; and the nave columns are elaborated with vase bases and campaniform capitals crowned with groups of figures riding elephants. The effect is at once simple and grand, and it marks the apex of the early period of rock art in western India. The entrance-screen reliefs, depictions of Buddha, date from the sanctuary's conversion for Mahayana (later, Buddha-worshiping) ritual, probably in the 6th century Ad.