KHAJRAHO

also spelled Khajuraho, ancient Kharjuravahaka historical town, northern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is a famous tourist and archaeological site known for its sculptured temples dedicated to Siva (Shiva), Vishnu, and Jaina patriarchs. Khajraho, or Kharjuravahaka, was one of the capitals of the kings of the Chandela, who from the 9th to the 11th century AD developed a large realm, Jejakabhukti (Jijhoti), which at its height included almost all of what is now Madhya Pradesh state, centred in what is now Bundelkhand. The original capital extended over 8 square miles (21 square km) and contained about 85 temples, built by successive rulers from about 950 to 1050. In the late 11th century the Chandela, in a period of chaos and decline, moved to hill forts elsewhere. Kahjraho continued its religious importance until the 14th century but was afterwards largely forgotten; its remoteness probably saved it from the desecration that the Muslim, or Mughal, conquerors generally inflicted on Hindu monuments. In 1838 a British army captain, T.S. Burt, employed by the Asiatic Society in Calcutta, came upon information that led him to the the rediscovery of the complex of temples in the jungle in Khajraho. Of the area's 85 original temples, about 20 are still reasonably well preserved. With a few exceptions they are constructed of hard river sandstone. Both internally and externally the temples are richly carved with excellent sculptures that are frequently sensual and, in a few instances, sexually explicit. The temples are divided into three complexes, of which the western is the largest and best known, containing the magnificent Saivite temple Kandarya Mahadeva (c. 1000), a 102-foot- (31-metre-) high agglomeration of porches and turrets culminating in a spire. Modern Khajraho is a small village, serving the tourist trade with hotels and an airport. Khajraho's name derives from the prevalence of khajur, or date palms, in the area. Pop. (1991) 6,541.