KLAIPEDA

German Memel, city and port, Lithuania. It lies on the narrow channel by which the Courland Lagoon and Neman (Lithuanian: Nemunas; German: Memel) River connect with the Baltic Sea. Beside a small earlier settlement, the local population constructed a fortress in the early 13th century. In 1252 this fort was seized and destroyed by the Teutonic Knights, who built a new fortress called Memelburg. The town, later called Memel, and the adjacent territory were settled by Germans and formed part of the province of East Prussia. In 1923 Memel was given to Lithuania and renamed Klaipeda. The ice-free port expanded considerably and handled most of Lithuania's foreign trade. Ceded back to Germany in 1939, it passed to the U.S.S.R. from 1945 to 1991, at which time Lithuania became independent. Modern Klaipeda has major shipbuilding and repair yards specializing in trawlers and floating docks. It is the base of a large deep-sea fishing fleet and has a fish cannery. Other industries include cotton textiles, pulp and papermaking, timberworking, and the production of radio and telephone parts and amber jewelry. Pop. (1994 est.) 204,600.