KLEVE

also spelled Cleve, English Cleves, Dutch Kleef city, North RhineWestphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies less than 5 miles (8 km) south of the Dutch border and is connected with the Rhine River by a canal. The seat of the counts of Cleves from the 11th century, it was chartered in 1242. The county passed to the counts of La Marck in 1368; it was made a duchy in 1417 and acquired the duchies of Jlich and Berg in 1521. Anne of Cleves (d. 1557), daughter of Duke John, was the fourth wife of Henry VIII of England. The town passed to the electors of Brandenburg by the Treaty of Xanten in 1614. Held by the French during the Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, it passed to Prussia in 1815. The town was severely damaged in World War II. The former ducal castle, Schwanenburg (Swans' Castle), associated with the legend of Lohengrin (the Knight of the Swan), is now a law court; its two towers date from 1429 and 1440. Also notable are the Collegiate Church (13411426) and the Minorite Church (1427). Tourism is important in the city, and food processing, clothing manufacture, and chemicals are important industries. Pop. (1992 est.) 46,450.