LEE, VERNON

born Oct. 14, 1856, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France died Feb. 13, 1935, San Gervasio Bresciano, Italy pseudonym of Violet Paget English essayist and novelist who is best known for her works on aesthetics. Paget was born to cosmopolitan and peripatetic intellectuals who in 1873 settled their family in Florence. In 1878 she determined to publish under a masculine pseudonym in order to be taken seriously, and in 1880 her collection of essays that had originally appeared in Fraser's Magazine was published under the name by which she came to be known both personally and professionally. This work, Studies of the Eighteenth Century in Italy, brought to life for English readers the hitherto unexplored world of poet-librettist Pietro Metastasio and dramatists Carlo Goldoni and Carlo Gozzi. Her collections of essays Belcaro (1881), a work on aesthetics, and Euphorion (1884), which includes essays on William Shakespeare and Renaissance Italy, reveal her scholarship, always enlivened by wit and imagination. In her three-volume novel Miss Brown (1884), she brutally caricatures English aesthetic coteries (especially the Pre-Raphaelites). Lee wrote more than 30 books, including a play, Ariadne in Mantua (1903), and several collections of stories, among them Pope Jacynth and Other Fantastic Tales (1904). Her powerful allegorical drama Satan the Waster (1920) reveals her ardent pacificism.