LI YAN-HUNG

born 1864, Hupeh Province, China died June 5, 1928, Tientsin Pinyin Li Yuanhong the only president of the Republic of China at Peking who served for two terms. In 1911 Li was a divisional commander in the army and was stationed in the city of Wu-han (Hupeh Province), where the anti-Imperial Revolution of 1911, which brought a republican government to China, erupted among army units. The uprising had been planned to occur at a later date; hence, no recognized leaders were on hand. As the only figure of stature who had not fled the area, Li was forced by his troops to become the head of the new government, despite the fact that he had no previous association with the revolutionaries. His enthusiasm for his new position increased as the success of the revolution became assured. Sun Yat-sen, a leader of national prominence, returned from abroad, where he had been raising funds, and he was elected president of the republic on Dec. 29, 1911. Li was elected vice president, a position he continued to hold when Sun resigned in favour of the former general Yan Shih-k'ai. On the death of Yan in June 1916, Li succeeded him as president and held office until the brief restoration of the boy emperor in July 1917. In 1922 he was prevailed upon to resume the presidency, but in September of the following year he was compelled to resign. Li was unsuccessful in his efforts to reunify the country by negotiation rather than by military force.