LIPSET, SEYMOUR MARTIN

born March 18, 1922, New York City American sociologist and political scientist whose work in class structures, comparative politics, and systems of elites and political parties brought him international renown. After receiving his B.S. from City College of New York (1943), Lipset was a lecturer at the University of Toronto (194648) and then an assistant professor at the University of California at Berkeley (194850). He took his doctorate at Columbia University (1949), where he remained on the graduate faculty (195056) and served as assistant director of the Bureau of Applied Social Research (founded by Paul Lazarsfeld) from 1954 to 1956. Lipset was a professor of sociology at Berkeley for the next 10 years and was director of its Institute of International Studies from 1962 to 1966. He was a professor at Harvard University from 1966 until he became a professor of political science and sociology in the Hoover Institute of Stanford University from 1975. Lipset was a prolific author. Among his numerous books were Agrarian Socialism (1950; revised 1968) and Union Democracy (1956; with others). He wrote Political Man (1960; revised 1981), which won the MacIver Award. His other books include Revolution and Counter Revolution (1968); The Politics of Unreason (1970; with Earl Raab revised 1978), which won the Myrdal Award; Rebellion in the University (1972; reprinted 1976); and The Divided Academy (1975; with E.C. Ladd). These books developed his theory of elite systems and politics. He also edited Emerging Coalitions in American Politics (1978) and The Confidence Gap: Business, Labor, and Government in the Public Mind (1983; with William Schneider), a study of the decline of confidence of the American public in all major institutions, covering the period from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s. Lipset's work had great influence in the field of sociology, with his books translated into 18 languages.