LIVELY, PENELOPE

born March 17, 1933, Cairo, Egypt in full Penelope Margaret Lively, original name Penelope Margaret Low British writer of well-plotted novels and short stories that stress the significance of memory and historical continuity. After spending her childhood in Egypt, Lively was sent to London at the age of 12 when her parents were divorced. She graduated from St. Anne's College, Oxford, in 1954. Her first book, the children's novel Astercote (1970), about modern English villagers who fear a resurgence of medieval plague, was followed by more than 20 other novels for children, many of which were set in rural England, including the award-winning books The Ghost of Thomas Kempe (1973) and A Stitch in Time (1976). Lively's passion for landscape gardening inspired her first work for adults, the nonfiction The Presence of the Past: An Introduction to Landscape History (1976). Her first adult novel, The Road to Lichfield (1977), in which past truths shift when viewed from a contemporary perspective, reflects her interest in history and in the kinds of evidence on which contemporary views of the past are based. Her other novels for adults include Treasures of Time (1979), which won the British National Book Award; Judgement Day (1980); Moon Tiger (1987; Booker Prize), based partly on her recollections of Egypt; Passing On (1989); City of the Mind (1991); and Cleopatra's Sister (1993). Heat Wave (1996) is the story of the disintegration of a marriage, and a retired anthropologist reflects on her past in Spiderweb (1998). Oleander, Jacaranda (1994) is a memoir of Lively's Egyptian childhood.