LO-JOHANSSON, IVAR

born Feb. 23, 1901, smo, Sweden died April 11, 1990, Stockholm in full Karl Ivar Lo-johansson Swedish writer and social critic who in more than 50 proletarian novels and short-story collections depicted the lives of working-class people with great compassion. Lo-Johansson was first recognized in the mid-1930s for his detailed and realistic depiction of the plight of landless Swedish peasants, known as statare, in two volumes of short stories, Statarna III (193637; The Sharecroppers), and in his novel Jordproletrerna (1941; Proletarians of the Earth). These works are based on his own recollections but are at the same time an indictment of existing social conditions. In their combination of political tract and novel, and their use of the collective as a central focus, the books served as models for many documentary portrayals of the Swedish labour movement. Perhaps more importantly, these books helped spur extensive land reforms in Sweden, including the abolition of indentured farm labour in 1945. Lo-Johansson gave intense expression to individual human suffering, as in his characterization of a farm servant's wife in Bara en mor (1939; Only a Mother). The conflict between individualism and collectivism emerges in his autobiographical cycle of eight novels from the 1950s, with Analfabeten (1951; The Illiterate) as the first and Proletrfrfattaren (1960; The Proletarian Writer) as the last volume of the series. In the 1970s he used short stories in his cycle of tales on the seven deadly sins, and in the 1980s he wrote a series of memoirs.