LOGAN, JAMES

born Oct. 20, 1674, Lurgan, County Armagh, Ire. died Oct. 31, 1751, Stenton, Pa. British-American colonial statesman and merchant who was also prominent in British-colonial intellectual life. After receiving instruction in classical and modern languages from his schoolmaster father, Logan worked in commerce in Bristol, Eng., prior to becoming secretary to William Penn in 1699. Later that year Logan joined his employer and fellow Quaker in journeying to Pennsylvania. Logan was appointed provincial secretary in 1701 and then advanced to other political posts in the proprietary colony. It was as president of the Governor's Council from 1736 to 1738 that he in effect was Pennsylvania's chief executive owing to the absence of a governor. Logan, who represented the colony's aristocratic proprietary party, also served as a Philadelphia alderman, and in October 1722 he was elected mayor of the city. He entered the colony's judicial sphere in 1726 as a justice for Philadelphia County, then became a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and in 1731 was made chief justice of Pennsylvania's Supreme Court. Logan was able to make use of his political influence and social connections to become wealthy through land speculation and the Indian trade. Logan wrote several scientific works, but his primary contribution was in botany; he published a treatise, Experimenta at Meletemata de Plantarum Generatione, describing experiments on the impregnation of plant seeds. He also wrote on ethics and philology, and he translated several Latin classics for publication, including M.T. Cicero's Cato Major, or His Discourse on Old Age. Logan had a personal library of more than 3,000 volumes, which he contributed to start the Philadelphia Public Library. born c. 1725, , probably at Shamokin [now Sunbury], Pa. died 1780, near Lake Erie also called John Logan, original name Tah-Gah-Ute prominent Indian leader, whose initial excellent relations with white settlers in Pennsylvania and the Ohio Territory deteriorated into a vendetta after the slaughter of his family in 1774. Logan's mother was a Cayuga Indian; his father was Chief Shikellamy, who was purportedly a white Frenchman who had been captured as a child and raised by the Oneida. Chief Shikellamy became a friend of the secretary of the Pennsylvania colony, James Logan, whose name the chief's son assumed. Logan moved to the Ohio River valley after the French and Indian War (175463). He was never a chief but achieved renown among many Indian tribes, at first because of his friendship with the white settlers. Logan was converted to an intense hatred of all white men in 1774, when his entire family was treacherously slaughtered by a frontier trader named Daniel Greathouse during the Yellow Creek Massacre. In the ensuing conflict, which is known as Lord Dunmore's War, Logan was a prominent leader of Indian raids on white settlements, and he took the scalps of more than 30 white men. But when the defeated Indians finally gathered at Chillicothe, Ohio, to make peace after the Battle of Point Pleasant (Oct. 10, 1774), Logan sent a message containing his refusal to participate in the negotiations. His memorable statement of his grievances was widely circulated through the colonies and was recorded for posterity by Thomas Jefferson. The statement remains known as Logan's Lament. Logan continued his attacks on white settlers and associated himself with the Mohawk auxiliaries of the British during the American War of Independence. He was by then a violent alcoholic and died in an altercation.