LONGHI, PIETRO

born 1702, Venice died May 8, 1785, Venice original name Pietro Falca painter of the Rococo period known for his small scenes of Venetian social and domestic life. He was the son of a silversmith, Alessandro Falca, in whose workshop he received his first training. Later he worked under the Veronese historical painter Antonio Balestra, but his one important work of this sort, the monumental ceiling of the Fall of the Giants (completed 1734) for the Palazzo Sagredo, was an artistic and critical failure. It is likely that because of this he left Venice for a time and studied at Bologna under the genre painter Giuseppe Maria Crespi. After his return to Venice he devoted himself to painting everyday scenes from the life of the city's upper class and bourgeoisie, somewhat in the manner of Nicolas Lancret but in a more ironic vein. He was also undoubtedly influenced by Dutch genre painting, of which there was at least one important collection in Venice at that date. Longhi's genre pictures provide a varied and detailed documentation of contemporary Venetian life and events (e.g., The Dancing Master [Accademia, Venice] and Exhibition of a Rhinoceros at Venice [1751; National Gallery, London]). Popular for their charm and seeming naivete, his paintings have a Rococo sense of the intimate and manifest the interest in social observation characteristic of the Enlightenment. His works, like those of Antoine Watteau, were based on carefully observed figure drawings, a large number of which survive. He also painted landscapes and occasional portraits. Many of his paintings were engraved. He was elected to the Venetian Academy at its foundation in 1756.