MACHEN, ARTHUR

born March 3, 1863, Caerleon, Monmouthshire, Eng. died Dec. 15, 1947, Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire pseudonym of Arthur Llewellyn Jones Welsh novelist and essayist, a forerunner of 20th-century Gothic science fiction. Machen's work was deeply influenced by his childhood in Wales and his readings in the occult and metaphysics. He lived most of his life in poverty as a clerk, teacher, and translator. In 1902 he became an actor with Benson's Shakespearean Repertory Company. And, in 1912, approaching his 50th birthday, he joined the staff of the London Evening News. The quality of Machen's writing was demonstrated early in World War I when the newspaper published the short story The Angel of Mons from The Bowmen and Other Legends of War (1915), which circulated widely as a true story and gave hope to thousands of soldiers in battle. Like Thomas Hardy, Machen responded to the spiritual power and antiquity of the British countryside. His fantasies are often set in medieval England or Wales, as in the autobiographical The Hill of Dreams (1907), which evokes ancient Roman forts and Welsh mysteries. Even his stories set in London are deeply romantic and nostalgic for a pre-industrial era. Other works include The Terror (1917), The Great God Pan and the Inmost Light (1894), Far Off Things (1922), and Things Near and Far (1923). Machen also translated Casanova's Memoirs (12 vol., 1930).