MADISON

city, capital of Wisconsin, U.S., and seat of Dane county. It lies in the south-central part of the state, partly on an isthmus between lakes Mendota and Monona, which with lakes Waubesa and Kegonsa to the southeast form the four lakes group. Founded by James Duane Doty in 1836 (a year of frenzied land speculation in the newly created Territory of Wisconsin), it was named for President James Madison. That same year, Doty pushed a bill through the legislature to make Madison the permanent capital of Wisconsin and a county seat. The wooded site was still uninhabited, but construction of a capitol building was quickly begun there, and late in 1838 the territorial legislature held its first session in the unfinished building. Wisconsin became a state in 1848, and, through the efforts of Leonard J. Farwell, industries began to locate in the city in about 1850. The railroad arrived in 1854, and steady development ensued. Governmental operations and the University of WisconsinMadison (1849) account for much of the city's prosperity and stability, and there is a high proportion of professional, managerial, and technical workers. Federal agencies include the U.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (1910). Wholesale and retail trade, followed by manufacturing, have broadened the city's economy. Landscaped lakeshores and large parks, including Henry Vilas Park with the city zoo, characterize Madison, which is located in the heart of the southern Wisconsin lakelands. The skyline is dominated by the State Capitol (286 feet high), with its white granite dome topped by a statue, Forward; it is in a 13-acre (5-hectare) park. Madison is the seat of the original campus of the University of Wisconsin, Madison Area Technical College (1912), and Edgewood College (1927). Inc. village, 1846; city, 1856. Pop. (1990) city, 190,766; Madison MSA, 367,085; (1994 est.) city, 194,586; Madison MSA, 390,262. county, central New York state, U.S., mostly comprising a rugged upland, bounded by Oneida Lake and Chittenango and Oneida creeks to the north and the Unadilla River to the southeast. Other waterways include the Chenango and Sangerfield rivers and Cazenovia and Tuscarora lakes. Wooded areas feature maple, elm, birch, and beech trees. Public lands include Chittenango Falls State Park and Tioughnioga State Wildlife Management Area. Stockbridge Test Site, a military installation, is in the northern part of the county. Oneida and Onondaga Indians inhabited the region before the arrival of European settlers and American colonists. The county was established in 1806 and named for James Madison. In 1848 John Humphrey Noyes established an experimental religious community in Oneida that practiced plural marriage, eugenics, and communal ownership of property. The Oneida Community prospered by manufacturing steel traps and silverware until 1881, when it disbanded as a social experiment and reorganized as a private business enterprise. Hamilton is the home of Colgate University (founded 1819). Other communities include Chittenango, Canastota, Cazenovia, and Wampsville, which is the county seat. The economy is based on tourism and agriculture (corn and dairy products). Area 656 square miles (1,699 square km). Pop. (1990) 69,166; (1996 est.) 71,508. city, seat of Lake county, southeastern South Dakota, U.S. It began in 1873 as a trading post for gold-seeking pioneers and was named Madison because its interlake setting resembled that of Madison, Wis. It was relocated 4 miles (6 km) west to its present site when it merged with Herman Village. Dakota State University was founded there in 1881 as General Beadle State Teachers College. Madison is an agricultural marketing centre, and immediately west is Prairie Village, featuring pioneer memorabilia and the site of the annual Steam Threshing Jamboree, with its antique farm equipment show. Lake Herman State Park and lakes Madison and Milwaukee are nearby. Inc. 1885. Pop. (1990) 6,257; (1994 est.) 6,343. borough (town), Morris county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It lies 18 miles (29 km) west of Newark. The borough of Madison includes the communities of Montville, Wood Ridge, and Hopewell Valley. The centre of a greenhouse industry and nicknamed the Rose City, it is the site of Drew University (chartered 1868) and the Florham-Madison Campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University. The College of St. Elizabeth (1899) is at nearby Morristown. Sayre House (c. 1745) was General Anthony Wayne's headquarters during the American Revolution. The community, settled about 1685 and originally called Bottle Hill for Bottle Hill Tavern (rebuilt 1812), was renamed for President James Madison in 1834 and incorporated in 1889. The manufacture of jewelry and textiles is also important to the economy. Pop. (1990) 15,850; (1996 est.) 15,727. city, seat (1811) of Jefferson county, southeastern Indiana, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River (bridged), opposite Milton, Ky. Settled about 1808 and named for President James Madison, it flourished as a river port until overshadowed by Louisville (46 miles southwestward downstream) and Cincinnati (88 miles upstream). Madison is now an important tobacco market and agricultural trading centre; its manufactures include road machinery, small motors, electric organs, and chemicals. Hanover College (1827) is 4 miles (6 km) west. A number of fine pre-American Civil War houses, especially the J.F.D. Lanier State Historic Site (mansion) and Shrewsbury House, have been preserved. The Talbot-Hyatt Pioneer Garden has a community well (c. 1810). The Jefferson (military) Proving Ground and Clifty Falls State Park are nearby. The annual Regatta and Governor's Cup Race for hydroplanes is held at Madison in July. Inc. 1838. Pop. (1990) 12,006; (1994 est.) 12,626.