MARZUQ

also spelled Murzuk, oasis, southwestern Libya. It lies on the northern edge of the Sahra' Marzuq (Sea of Sand). An ancient assembly place for caravans to Lake Chad and the Niger River, it was the traditional capital of the Fezzan province (16th19th century) and a centre of the Arab slave and arms trade. Once called the Paris of the Desert, it was a base for Saharan explorers, including Frederick Hornemann in 1798 and Gustav Nachtigal in 187071. After the caravan tracks closed and motor and air travel began, Marzuq declined. Extensive ruins remain, including the old Turkish fort. The Italian fort now serves as a police station. The town is linked to Sabha, 85 miles (137 km) northeast, by sand track and remains a local trade centre. Its women's market deals in garden and animal products and handicrafts. Pop. (1972 est.) 93,714.