MAUSOLEUM

large and impressive sepulchral monument. The word is derived from Mausolus, ruler of Caria, in whose memory his widow Artemisia raised a splendid tomb at Halicarnassus c. 353c. 350 BC. Some remains of this monument are now in the British Museum. Probably the most ambitious mausoleum is the famous white marble Taj Mahal at Agra, in India, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan for his favourite wife, who died in 1631. He originally intended to build another in black marble, opposite the Taj Mahal, but died before work could begin. Other notable examples include the mausoleum called Hadrian's Tomb, now the Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome; that of Frederick William III and Queen Louisa of Mecklenburg-Strelitz at Charlottenburg, near Berlin; of Napoleon III at Farnborough, Hampshire, Eng.; and of Vladimir Lenin at Moscow.