MAXENTIUS, MARCUS AURELIUS VALERIUS

died 312 Roman emperor from 306 to 312. His father, the emperor Maximian, abdicated with Diocletian in 305. In the new tetrarchy (two augusti with a caesar under each) that was set up after these abdications, Maxentius was passed over in favour of Flavius Valerius Severus, who was made a caesar, and then, in 306, an augustus. But discontent with the policies of Severus at Rome caused Maxentius to be proclaimed augustus there on Oct. 28, 306. Maximian, recalled to the throne to support Maxentius, defeated and killed Severus in 307. Shortly thereafter, however, father and son quarreled, and Maximian sought refuge with Constantine, who had been designated an augustus by Maximian. Maxentius at first controlled Italy, Spain, and Africa, but in 308 the vicar of Africa, Lucius Domitius Alexander, revolted and proclaimed himself augustus. Two years later Constantine annexed Spain. Africa was recovered by Maxentius in 311, but he was killed by Constantine at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312. Because the sources from this period reflect the propaganda of Constantine, they represent Maxentius as a brutal tyrant, although in actuality he stopped the persecution of the Christians. He built a huge basilica, which Constantine renamed after himself, and a temple to his son Romulus in the Roman Forum.