MILLS, ROBERT

born Aug. 12, 1781, Charleston, S.C., U.S. died March 3, 1855, Washington, D.C. one of the first American-born professional architects. He was associated with Thomas Jefferson, James Hoban, and Benjamin Latrobe. A Neoclassical architect, Mills generally followed the principle, enunciated by Jefferson, that antique classical architectural forms best befitted a reincarnation of ancient republicsi.e., the new United States. He used classical forms with originality. Mills's more than 50 major works included colleges, prisons, hospitals, houses, canals, bridges, and breakwaters. His best-known structures are the Treasury (built 183642) and the Old Patent Office (built 183640; later modified; now part of the Smithsonian Institution) in Washington, D.C.; the wings of Independence Hall in Philadelphia (1807); and the monuments to George Washington in Baltimore, Md. (designed 1814, erected 181529), and Washington, D.C. (designed 1836, completed 1884).