MINI, CLAUDE-TIENNE

born Feb. 13, 1804, Paris, France died Dec. 14, 1879, Paris French army officer who solved the problem of designing a bullet for the muzzle-loading rifle. The bullet became known as the Mini ball. After serving in several African campaigns in the Chasseurs, Mini rose to the rank of captain. In 1849 he designed the Mini ball, a cylindrical bullet with a conical point. An iron cup was inserted in the hollow base so that when the ball was fired, the cup was forced forward, expanding the base to fit snugly against the rifling grooves. The Mini ball produced lethally accurate fire at long ranges. It was almost universally adopted by the armies of Europe and the United States and was used throughout the American Civil War (186165). Mini was rewarded by the French government with 20,000 francs and an appointment to the staff of the military school at Vincennes. After retiring in 1858 with the rank of colonel, he served as a military instructor for the khedive of Egypt and as a manager at the Remington Arms Company in the United States.